Due to their unique optical properties and potential applications in various fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and solar energy conversion, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have garnered considerable attention. However, website the increasing use of UCNPs raises concerns regarding their toxicity. This article provides a comprehensive review of

Recent advancements in nanotechnology have yielded fascinating hybrid nanostructures composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO